Njengamanje, ithemba lemakethe liyakhula kancane kancane. Kulindeleke ukuthi imisebenzi yezokuthutha kanye nokusebenza kwe-terminal kanye nokukhiqiza ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseShayina izobuyela esigabeni sokujwayelekile kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqashelwa kwesidingo okuhlanganisiwe kuzokhulisa intengo yensimbi.
Njengamanje, ukuphikisana ohlangothini lokuhlinzekwa kwemakethe yensimbi kusekuncipheni kwamandla kanye nokucindezelwa okusobala kwenzuzo yesitshalo sensimbi okubangelwa yintengo ephezulu yokushaja, kuyilapho uhlangothi lokufunwa kulindeleke ukuthi lusebenze kahle ngemva komdlalo. Njengoba inkinga yokuhamba kwenkokhelo yesithando izogcina incishisiwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwesimo sobhubhane, ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi isitshalo sensimbi asikwazi ukudlulisela kahle emfuleni ongezansi, ukwenyuka kwesikhashana kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa kukhulu kakhulu, futhi kuzoba nengcindezi yokubuyela emuva esigabeni esilandelayo. Ngokuphathelene nokufunwa, ukulindela okunamandla kwangaphambilini akuzange kuqanjwe amanga yimakethe. U-Ephreli uzoletha iwindi lemali eliphakathi nendawo. Njengoba lokhu kukhushulwa yilokhu, intengo yensimbi kulula ukukhuphuka kodwa kunzima ukwehla esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa-ke, kusadingeka siqaphele ingozi yokungafinyeleli okulindelwe yisidingo ngaphansi kwethonya lobhubhane.
Inzuzo yomshini wensimbi izolungiswa
Kusukela ngoMashi, ukwenyuka kwentengo yensimbi okuqongelelekayo kudlule u-12%, futhi ukusebenza kwe-iron ore ne-coke ephethe kunamandla kakhulu. Njengamanje, imakethe yensimbi isekelwa kakhulu yizindleko ze-iron ore ne-coke, eziqhutshwa ukufunwa okukhulu nokulindela, futhi intengo yensimbi iyonke isalokhu iphezulu.
Kusukela ohlangothini lokuphakelwa, amandla esitshalo sensimbi ancike kakhulu ekuhlinzekweni okuncane kwezindleko kanye nentengo ephezulu. Njengoba ithintekile yilolu bhubhane, inqubo yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kwezimoto iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuthi izinto zifike efektri. Thatha iTangshan njengesibonelo. Ngaphambilini, ezinye izigayo zensimbi zaphoqeleka ukuvala isithando somlilo ngenxa yokuncipha kwezinto ezisizayo, kanti inani le-coke ne-iron ore ngokuvamile lalingaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-10. Uma kungekho isengezo sezinto ezingenayo, ezinye izigayo zensimbi zingagcina ukusebenza kwesithando somlilo izinsuku ezingu-4-5 kuphela.
Uma kutholakala izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinganele kanye nokugcinwa kwezindawo zokugcina izinto okungekuhle, intengo yenkokhelo yesithando somlilo emelelwa yi-iron ore kanye ne-coke inyukile, okuye kwanciphisa kakhulu inzuzo yemishini yokugaya insimbi. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwamabhizinisi ensimbi nensimbi eTangshan naseShandong, njengamanje, inzuzo yemishini yokugaya insimbi ngokuvamile icindezelwa ibe ngaphansi kwama-yuan angu-300 ngethani, kanti amanye amabhizinisi ensimbi anenkokhelo emfushane angagcina kuphela izinga lenzuzo lama-yuan ayi-100 ngethani. Intengo ephezulu yezinto zokugaya iphoqe amanye imishini yokugaya insimbi ukuthi alungise isilinganiso sokukhiqiza futhi akhethe i-powder ekhethekile kakhulu noma i-powder yokunyathelisa esezingeni eliphakathi neliphansi ukulawula izindleko.
Njengoba inzuzo yemishini yokugaya insimbi incishiswa kakhulu yizindleko eziphezulu, futhi kunzima ukuthi imishini yokugaya insimbi idlulisele ingcindezi yezindleko kubathengi ngaphansi kwethonya lobhubhane, imishini yokugaya insimbi okwamanje isesigabeni sokuhlaselwa kokubili phezulu naphansi, okuchaza futhi amanani aqinile ezinto zokusetshenziswa eziluhlaza muva nje, kodwa ukwenyuka kwamanani ensimbi kuncane kakhulu kunalawo entengo yesithando somlilo. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukunikezwa okuncane kwezinto zokusetshenziswa esitshalweni sensimbi kulindeleke ukuthi kunciphe emasontweni amabili ezayo, futhi intengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa eziluhlaza ezikhuphukayo ingase ibhekane nengcindezi yokubuyela emuva esikhathini esizayo.
Gxila esikhathini esibalulekile sefasitela ngo-Ephreli
Isidingo sensimbi yesikhathi esizayo kulindeleke ukuthi sigxile kulezi zici ezilandelayo: okokuqala, ngenxa yokukhululwa kwesidingo ngemva kobhubhane; Okwesibili, isidingo sokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yensimbi; Okwesithathu, igebe lensimbi yaphesheya kwezilwandle elibangelwe yingxabano phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine; Okwesine, isizini ezayo ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwensimbi yendabuko. Ngaphansi kweqiniso elibuthakathaka langaphambilini, ukulindela okunamandla okungazange kuqanjwe amanga yimakethe nakho kusekelwe kakhulu kumaphuzu angenhla.
Ngokuphathelene nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, ngaphansi kwesizinda sokukhula okuqhubekayo kanye nokulungiswa okuphikisana nomjikelezo, kukhona umkhondo wentuthuko yezezimali ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda kusukela kulo nyaka. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwempahla ehleliwe kuzwelonke bekuyi-yuan eyizigidigidi ezingama-5076.3, okuwukwenyuka okungu-12.2% unyaka nonyaka; I-China ikhiphe izibopho zikahulumeni wendawo ezingama-yuan eziyizigidigidi ezingama-507.1, okuhlanganisa nezibopho ezikhethekile ezingama-yuan eziyizigidigidi ezingama-395.4, ngaphambi kakhulu konyaka odlule. Uma sibheka ukuthi ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwezwe kuseyithoni eyinhloko futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kuseduze, u-Ephreli ngemuva kokukhululeka kokulawulwa kobhubhane kungaba yisikhathi sokubona ukugcwaliseka okulindelekile kwesidingo sengqalasizinda.
Isidingo sokuthunyelwa kwensimbi emhlabeni wonke sikhuphuke kakhulu ngenxa yengxabano phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine. Kusukela ocwaningweni lwamuva lwemakethe, ama-oda okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinye izigayo zensimbi akhuphuke kakhulu ngenyanga edlule, futhi ama-oda angagcinwa kuze kube okungenani ngoMeyi, kuyilapho izigaba zigxile kakhulu kuma-slabs anemikhawulo emincane yesabelo. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwegebe lensimbi laphesheya kwezilwandle, okunzima ukulilungisa ngempumelelo engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, kulindeleke ukuthi ngemuva kokuba ukulawulwa kobhubhane sekukhululiwe, ukushelela kokuphela kwempahla kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukufezwa kwesidingo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Nakuba ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda kuye kwaletha ukugqama okwengeziwe ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi esikhathini esizayo, isidingo sezindlu sisabuthakathaka. Nakuba izindawo eziningi zethule izinqubomgomo ezinhle njengokunciphisa isilinganiso sokukhokha phansi sokuthengwa kwezindlu kanye nenzalo yemali mboleko, kusukela esimweni sangempela sokuthengiselana, ukuzimisela kwezakhamuzi ukuthenga izindlu akunamandla, ukukhetha kwezakhamuzi ingozi kanye nokuthambekela kokusebenzisa kuzoqhubeka nokwehla, futhi isidingo sensimbi ohlangothini lwezindlu kulindeleke ukuthi sincishiswe kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukusigcwalisa.
Ngamafuphi, ngaphansi kombono ongathathi hlangothi nonethemba wemakethe, kulindeleke ukuthi imisebenzi yezokuthutha kanye nokusebenza kwe-terminal kanye nokukhiqiza ezindaweni eziningi zaseShayina izobuyela esigabeni sokujwayelekile kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqashelwa kwesidingo okuhlanganisiwe kuzokhulisa intengo yensimbi. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukwehla kwezindlu kuqhubeka, kudingeka siqaphele ukuthi isidingo sensimbi singase sibhekane neqiniso lobuthakathaka futhi ngemva kwesikhathi sokugcwaliseka.