I-Vale ikhiqize cishe amathani angu-250,000 emikhiqizo yesihlabathi esimeme, egunyazwe ukuthi ithathe indawo yesihlabathi esivame ukumbiwa ngokungemthetho.

Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-7 yocwaningo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwezigidi ezingu-50 zama-reais, i-Vale ithuthukise inqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yesihlabathi ephezulu, engasetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha.Le nkampani isebenzise le nqubo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo wesihlabathi endaweni yokusebenza kwensimbi e-Minas Gerais, futhi iguqula izinto ezisetshenziswa esihlabathini ekuqaleni ezazidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamadamu noma izindlela zokunqwabelanisa zibe yimikhiqizo.Inqubo yokukhiqiza Ingaphansi kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okufanayo nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi yensimbi.Kulo nyaka, inkampani isicubungule futhi yakhiqiza cishe amathani angu-250,000 emikhiqizo yesihlabathi esimeme, futhi inkampani ihlela ukuyithengisa noma ukunikela ngayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ukhonkolo, udaka nosimende noma ukugandaywa kwezinyawo.

UMnu. Marcello Spinelli, iPhini likaMongameli oPhethe we-Vale's Iron Ore Business, uthe imikhiqizo yesihlabathi ingumphumela wezinqubo eziqhubekayo zokusebenza.Uthe: “Lo msebenzi usenze sakha umnotho oyindilinga ngaphakathi.Kunesidingo esikhulu sesihlabathi embonini yezokwakha.Imikhiqizo yethu yesihlabathi ihlinzeka ngenye indlela ethembekile embonini yezokwakha, kuyilapho inciphisa imithelela yemvelo nenhlalo yokulahlwa kwezinsalela.Ithonya.”

Indawo yezimayini ye-Bulkoutu egcekeni lokugcina umkhiqizo wesihlabathi esimeme

Ngokwezilinganiso zeZizwe Ezihlangene, isidingo sonyaka somhlaba wonke sesihlabathi singamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40 kuya kwezingu-50.Isihlabathi sesiphenduke umthombo wemvelo oxhashazwa kakhulu ngemva kwamanzi, futhi lo mthombo uxhashazwa ngokungemthetho futhi udla abantu emhlabeni wonke.

Imikhiqizo yesihlabathi esimeme ye-Vale ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo wensimbi.I-ore eluhlaza esesimweni setshe elimbiwa emvelweni iba insimbi ngemva kwezinqubo eziningana zokucubungula ngokomzimba njengokuchotshozwa, ukuhlunga, ukugaya kanye nokuzuza efekthri.Ukuqamba okusha kuka-Vale kulele ekucutshungulweni kabusha kwemikhiqizo yensimbi esesigabeni sokuhlomula ize ifinyelele ezidingweni zekhwalithi ezidingekayo futhi ibe umkhiqizo wokuhweba.Ngokwenqubo yendabuko yokuhlomula, lezi zinto zizoba yizinsika, ezilahlwa ngokusebenzisa amadamu noma izitaki.Manje, ithani ngalinye lomkhiqizo wesihlabathi okhiqizwayo lisho ukuncishiswa kwethani elilodwa lemisila.

Imikhiqizo yesihlabathi ekhiqizwa kusukela kunqubo yokucubungula insimbi iqinisekiswa ngo-100%.Zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-silicon kanye nensimbi ephansi kakhulu, futhi zinokufana okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali nokufana kosayizi wezinhlayiyana.UMnu. Jefferson Corraide, umphathi omkhulu we-Brucutu and Agualimpa Integrated operations area, uthe lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo wesihlabathi aluyona ingozi."Imikhiqizo yethu yesihlabathi icutshungulwa ngezindlela ezingokwenyama, futhi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ezinto azishintshi ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayinabungozi."

Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yesihlabathi sika-Vale kukhonkolo nodaka kusanda kuqinisekiswa yi-Brazilian Institute of Scientific Research (IPT), i-Falcão Bauer kanye ne-ConsultareLabCon, amalabhorethri amathathu angochwepheshe.

Abacwaningi abavela ku-Institute of Sustainable Minerals eNyuvesi yaseQueensland e-Australia kanye naseNyuvesi yaseGeneva eSwitzerland benza ucwaningo oluzimele ukuze bahlaziye izici zemikhiqizo yesihlabathi se-Vale ukuze baqonde ukuthi le nto ehlukile yokwakha etholakala ensimbini ingaba umthombo osimeme we isihlabathi Futhi ukunciphisa kakhulu inani lemfucuza ekhiqizwa imisebenzi yezimayini.Abacwaningi basebenzisa igama elithi “oresand” ukuze babhekisele emikhiqizweni yesihlabathi etholakala emikhiqizweni yensimbi futhi ekhiqizwa ngokucubungula.

isikali sokukhiqiza

U-Vale uzibophezele ekuthengiseni noma ekunikeleni amathani angaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 emikhiqizo yesihlabathi ngo-2022. Abathengi bayo bavela ezifundeni ezine ezihlanganisa i-Minas Gerais, i-Espirito Santo, i-Sao Paulo ne-Brasilia.Le nkampani ibikezela ukuthi ngo-2023, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yesihlabathi kuzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezi-2.

“Simi ngomumo ukunweba imakethe yezicelo zemikhiqizo yesihlabathi kusukela ngo-2023. Ngale njongo, sisungule ithimba elizinikele elizotshala imali kuleli bhizinisi elisha.Bazosebenzisa inqubo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo wesihlabathi ohlelweni olukhona lokukhiqiza ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo semakethe.”UMnu. Rogério Nogueira, uMqondisi we-Vale Iron Ore Marketing, uthe.

Njengamanje uVale ukhiqiza imikhiqizo yesihlabathi emayini yaseBrucutu eSan Gonzalo de Abaisau, eMinas Gerais, ezothengiswa noma inikelwe.

Ezinye izindawo zezimayini eMinas Gerais nazo zenza izinguquko zemvelo nezimayini ukuze zifake izinqubo zokukhiqiza isihlabathi.“Lezi zindawo zezimayini zikhiqiza izinto eziyisihlabathi ezine-silicon ephezulu, ezingasetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukene.Sisebenzisana nezikhungo eziningi ezihlanganisa amanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo kanye nezinkampani zasekhaya nezangaphandle ukuthuthukisa izixazululo ezintsha zokuhlinzeka ngemisila yensimbi emisha.Indlela yokuphuma."UMnu. André Vilhena, umphathi webhizinisi elisha lika-Vale ugcizelele.

Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda ekhona endaweni yezimayini zensimbi, i-Vale iphinde yasungula inethiwekhi yezokuthutha ehlanganisa ojantshi besitimela nemigwaqo yokuthutha imikhiqizo yesihlabathi iye ezifundazweni eziningi e-Brazil.“Esigxile kukho wukuqinisekisa ukusimama kwebhizinisi lensimbi.Ngaleli bhizinisi elisha, sithemba ukuthi sizonciphisa umthelela wemvelo, sibe sibheka amathuba okuthuthukisa imisebenzi nokwandisa imali engenayo.”UMnu Verena wanezela.

imikhiqizo yemvelo

I-Vale ibilokhu yenza ucwaningo mayelana nesicelo se-tailings kusukela ngo-2014. Ngonyaka odlule, inkampani yavula i-Puku Brick Factory, okuyifekthri yokuqala yokuhlola ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yokwakha isebenzisa i-tailings evela emisebenzini yezimayini njengenye impahla eluhlaza.Lesi sikhungo sisendaweni yezimayini zase-Pico e-Itabilito, e-Minas Gerais, futhi sihlose ukukhuthaza umnotho oyindilinga ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi.

I-Federal Center for Science and Technology Education yase-Minas Gerais kanye ne-Pico Brick Factory yethule ukubambisana kwezobuchwepheshe futhi yathumela abacwaningi abangu-10 embonini okuhlanganisa osolwazi, ochwepheshe baselabhorethri, abaneziqu, abafundela iziqu ze-undergraduate kanye nezifundo zobuchwepheshe embonini.Ngesikhathi sokubambisana, sizosebenza endaweni yefekthri, futhi imikhiqizo phakathi nesikhathi socwaningo nentuthuko ngeke ithengiswe emazweni angaphandle.

U-Vale uphinde wabambisana nekhempasi yase-Itabira ye-Federal University yase-Itajuba ukutadisha indlela yokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yesihlabathi ukugandaya.Inkampani ihlela ukunikela ngemikhiqizo yesihlabathi endaweni yendawo ukuze kugandaywe.

Izimayini ezisimeme ngokwengeziwe

Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yezemvelo, u-Vale uphinde wathatha ezinye izinyathelo zokunciphisa umsila kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yezimayini isimeme.Le nkampani izibophezele ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokulungisa okomile okungadingi amanzi.Njengamanje, cishe u-70% wemikhiqizo yensimbi ye-Vale ikhiqizwa ngokucubungula okomile, futhi le ngxenye izohlala ingashintshiwe ngisho nangemva kokuba umthamo wokukhiqiza wonyaka ukhushulwe ukuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-400 kanye namaphrojekthi amasha aqala ukusebenza.Ngo-2015, i-iron ore ekhiqizwa ngokucubungula okomile kuphela yabalelwa ku-40% wesamba somkhiqizo.

Ukuthi ukucubungula okomile kungasetshenziswa kuhlobene nekhwalithi yensimbi embiwayo.I-iron ore e-Carajás inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwensimbi (ngaphezu kuka-65%), futhi inqubo yokucubungula idinga kuphela ukuchotshozwa futhi ihlolwe ngokuya ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana.

Isilinganiso sensimbi kwezinye izindawo zezimayini eMinas Gerais singama-40%.Indlela yendabuko yokwelapha ukukhulisa insimbi yensimbi ngokungeza amanzi ekuzuzeni.Iningi lensalela ewumphumela inqwabelene emadamini ayinsalela noma emigodini.I-Vale isebenzise obunye ubuchwepheshe ukuze kuzuzwe insimbi yensimbi yezinga eliphansi, okungukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa kozibuthe obomile be-fine ore (FDMS) ubuchwepheshe.Inqubo yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe yensimbi yensimbi ayidingi amanzi, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa amadamu ama-tailings.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa kazibuthe owomile bensimbi ecolekileyo bathuthukiswa e-Brazil yi-NewSteel, eyatholwa ngu-Vale ngo-2018, futhi isetshenziswe endaweni yokuhlola eMinas Gerais.Imboni yokuqala yokuhweba izosetshenziswa endaweni yokusebenza yase-Vargem Grande ngo-2023. Lesi sikhungo sizoba namandla okukhiqiza onyaka angamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.5 kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele kwe-US $ 150 million.

Obunye ubuchwepheshe obunganciphisa isidingo samadamu ama-tailings ukuhlunga ama-tailings bese uwagcina ezitaki ezomile.Ngemuva kokuthi umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza insimbi yensimbi ufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingama-400, iningi lamathani ayizigidi ezingama-60 (okubalwa ku-15% wesamba somthamo wokukhiqiza) azosebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuhlunga nokugcina insalela.I-Vale ivule indawo yokuhlunga i-tailings endaweni yezimayini i-Great Varzhin, futhi ihlela ukuvula ezinye izimboni ezintathu zokuhlunga umsila engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, enye yazo isendaweni yezimayini yaseBrucutu kanti ezinye ezimbili zitholakala endaweni yezimayini yase-Itabira. .Emva kwalokho, insimbi ekhiqizwa inqubo yendabuko yokuhlomula okumanzi izobalelwa ku-15% kuphela wesamba somthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi izinsalela ezikhiqizwayo zizogcinwa emadamini ama-tailings noma emigodini yezimayini evaliwe.